《植物生理学报》 2016, 52(12): 1941-1949

不同品种水稻苗期硝态氮吸收与利用效率差异的筛选及研究

肖娟, 严欢欢, 杨永清, 梁永书, 南文斌, 张汉马, 秦小健^*

重庆师范大学生命科学学院, 植物环境适应分子生物学重庆市重点实验室, 重庆401331

通信作者：秦小健；E-mail: xiaojianqin_ab@163.com

摘　要：

在人工气候箱培养条件下, 对来自不同地域的60个水稻品种在高氮和低氮水平条件下培养, 通过对其生物量以及氮含量进行测定将其分成4种类型, 即高氮高生物量型、高氮低生物量型、低氮高生物量型、低氮低生物量型。经大规模的初步筛选, 我们筛选出8种在生物量、氮素含量等方面差异比较明显的水稻品种。对8份水稻材料进一步分析发现, 不同籼稻与粳稻水稻品种在氮的吸收与利用方面存在显著差异, 尤其在氮的吸收效率方面籼稻品种明显高于粳稻品种, 如‘南恢511’明显高于‘14CQ05’。通过设置不同的氮素水平, 结合不同品种的生物量变化以及氮吸收利用的差异鉴定出了苗期氮利用高效的品种, 如‘南恢511’在高氮下生物量、氮吸收和利用等方面都最高, 但是在低浓度下不明显, 可认为是高氮高效型品种; 而‘14CQ011’在两种氮浓度下, 从生物量、氮含量以及吸收利用方面都表现最差, 可初步认为是氮低效品种。另外, 通过相关指标关联分析发现无论在高氮和低氮条件下植株干重与氮素吸收效率都呈极显著正相关性, 而地上部氮含量和地下部氮含量与氮素利用效率呈极显著负相关性, 这为今后的氮高效育种提供一定的理论支撑。

关键词：水稻; 苗期差异筛选; 氮素的吸收与利用; 氮高效品种

收稿：2016-07-31   修定：2016-10-09

资助：“973”计划前期研究专项(2014CB160306)和重庆市教委科学技术研究项目(KJ1600310)。

Screening and research of different rice (Oryza sativa) varieties based on nitrate absorption and utilization in seedlings

XIAO Juan, YAN Huan-Huan, YANG Yong-Qing, LIANG Yong-Shu, NAN Wen-Bin, ZHANG Han-Ma, QIN Xiao-Jian^*

Chongqing Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Plants Environmental Adaptations, College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, China

Corresponding author: QIN Xiao-Jian; E-mail: xiaojianqin_ab@163.com

Abstract:

Seedlings of sixty rice varieties were cultivated hydroponically under two different levels of nitrogen (N) supply and their biomass and nitrogen (N) contents were analysed. The results put these varieties into 4 different groups, i.e. high nitrogen and high biomass, high nitrogen and low biomass, low nitrogen and high biomass, low nitrogen and low biomass. Further analyses with eight selected varieties demonstrated a clear division between indica and japonica varieties in nitrogen absorption and utilization, with indica varieties showing higher nitrogen absorption and utilization efficiencies than japonica varieties. In addition, significant variations exist among the varieties in their responses to different levels of N supply, with ‘Nanhui511’ being the best performer in terms of nitrogen absorption rate and N content under high N supply, whilst ‘14CQ05’ and ‘14CQ011’ being the worst performers under both high and low N supplies in the terms of biomass, N content and N uptake among the varieties. Correlation analyses indicate that seedling dry weight were positively correlated with nitrogen absorption efficiency, and nitrogen content in stem, leaves and root was negatively correlated with nitrogen use efficiency regardless of the levels of N supply. These results demonstrate the existence of variations among different rice varieties in nitrogen uptake and utilization and provide valuable information for the breeding of nitrogen efficient rice varieties in the future.

Key words: rice; seedling screening; nitrate absorption and utilization; nitrogen high-efficiency varieties